{"id":47797,"date":"2016-01-15T05:18:46","date_gmt":"2016-01-15T04:18:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/somos.vicencianos.org\/?p=47797"},"modified":"2016-07-10T19:20:09","modified_gmt":"2016-07-10T17:20:09","slug":"saint-louise-de-marillacs-uncle-louis-xiiis-garde-des-sceaux-michel-de-marillac-1560-1632","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/saint-louise-de-marillacs-uncle-louis-xiiis-garde-des-sceaux-michel-de-marillac-1560-1632\/","title":{"rendered":"Saint Louise de Marillac’s Uncle: Louis XIII’s Garde des Sceaux, Michel de Marillac (1560-1632)"},"content":{"rendered":"

The name Louise de Marillac, writes Louise Sullivan, D.C., \u201chas largely remained hidden\u201d in the \u201cshadow\u201d of her famous mentor and colleague, Vincent de Paul.<\/span>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span> A similar shadow has, until recently, hidden the reputation of Saint Louise\u2019s uncle, Michel de Marillac (1560-1632), despite being arguably among the half-dozen most important political figures during the reign of Louis XIII. But in her uncle\u2019s case the shadow was deliberately created by Cardinal Richelieu, who did his best to obscure the memory and anti-war sentiments of his sometime collaborator and ministerial colleague.<\/p>\n

At the time of his disgrace, Michel de Marillac was effectively what today we would call the Minister of Justice (in American terms, the Attorney General). He had served in the Royal Council since 1624, for two years as co-Surintendant des Finances<\/em>, and during the following four-and-a-half years as Garde des Sceaux <\/em>\u2014 that is, the Keeper of the Seals, appointed to take over all the responsibilities of drafting and adjudicating French law from an out-of-favor, but irremovable, Chancellor. To these posts he brought great intelligence, probity, financial integrity, courage, strong (but perhaps still vague) aspirations for government reform, and immense experience.<\/p>\n

He had spent almost a decade as a Councillor in the Parlement de Paris, over fifteen years as a Master of Requests (the king\u2019s principal bureaucratic team for administration and justice, reinforcing the royal will throughout the kingdom and reporting back with their on-site observations), and approximately twelve years as a Royal Councillor primarily focused on financial matters.<\/span>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span> More remarkably, he had compiled two still unpublished, but often copied, treatises that were virtually archives \/ handbooks of the offices and functions of the Royal Council, with special attention given to questions of finance and justice. Two years before his disgrace, he wrote and edited the largest single codification of French law before (and even including) Napoleon\u2019s famous codes, and prepared yet another treatise to blunt the inevitable challenge he knew his code would face from the Parlement de Paris<\/em>.<\/span>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\n

As we shall illustrate in a moment, Marillac was also a zealous, pious, and devout Catholic. But, not only was he a prominent and influential d\u00e9vot<\/em>; he was the virtual leader of what was known as le parti d\u00e9vot<\/em>, that is, the persons and aspirations of the French Catholic Reformation as it involved itself in domestic and foreign political affairs. Because of the all-pervasive intimacy of Church and State in Late- and Post-Medieval Europe, neither Church nor State could be much reformed or influenced without involvement in the other too. At least since the Concordat of 1516, royal appointments to all principal religious offices had been more at the discretion of the French king than under papal control; in addition, political and social affairs were administered as much through ecclesiastical channels as through governmental ones, whether municipal, provincial, or royal, and secular officials continually intruded upon religious and ecclesiastical matters.<\/p>\n

\"Portrait_of_Louis_XIII_of_France_-_Engraving_17th_century\"<\/a>

Engraving of Louis XIII (1601-1643).<\/p><\/div>\n

Marillac and his half-brother were both relatively close to Marie de Medici, wife, then widow, of Henry IV, and mother of Louis XIII. A secondary diplomatic and military figure, Louis de Marillac had, in fact, married a very distant cousin of the Queen\u2019s,<\/span>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span> and was to play fairly prominent roles in all of the young Louis XIII\u2019s military campaigns against the French Calvinists (a.k.a. the \u201cHuguenots\u201d). He was eventually elevated to become one of the marshals (mar\u00e9chaux<\/em>) of France. Both Marillacs helped Richelieu\u2019s return to power in early 1624, and were in turn raised to more prominent posts themselves. All three, as well as the Queen Mother, shared the king\u2019s desire to weaken, even eliminate, the Huguenot presence in France, to reform and strengthen the French Catholic Church, and \u2014 at least in the case of Cardinal Richelieu and Michel de Marillac \u2014 to reform diverse aspects of the financial, administrative, and judicial institutions and practices of royal government.<\/p>\n

Corruption, inefficiencies, incompetence, and insouciance towards royal authority were all objects of their reformist concerns \u2014 so many concrete examples, yet the myriad of impediments to reform meant that conceptualizing a real program necessarily remained frustratingly vague and erratic. With the 1620s came the gradual beginnings of change, dramatically in the case of Protestant heresy, more tentatively as regards the reshaping of government. Finance, administration, justice, social status, and family connections \u2014as well as the same ecclesiastical considerations\u2014 made it equally difficult to formulate and implement reform. But the place and security of France on the European stage was also of importance, and Spanish imperialism, even if considerably disguised as the agent of the Catholic Counter-Reformation, could not be ignored by French statesmen.<\/span>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Challenges from Spain and the Empire to the Mantuan inheritance by an Italian-descended French nobleman (Charles de Gonzague de Nevers) could not be ignored, especially since Mantua was strategically important in the upper Po valley.<\/p>\n

Richelieu and the king were also committed d\u00e9vots<\/em>, but they allowed potential threats to French interests abroad to distract them from their domestic religious and political reform objectives. They tried to keep Michel de Marillac and the Oratorian founder, Pierre de B\u00e9rulle (who was to die in 1629), well informed about the realities of Spanish ambitions, but both men continued to minimize the danger from Spain while emphasizing the urgency of finishing off the Huguenots at home, and strengthening royal authority overall. It was Marillac\u2019s persistent objections to the war that led to his disgrace in early November 1630. Louis de Marillac, too, marshal since June 1629 (and one of three generals in command of this very Italian campaign), was summarily arrested, tried in a fixed court, and executed in 1632. Had the d\u00e9vot<\/em>s\u2019 insistence on reform prevailed (and the Ordonnance of 1629 not been still-born), the French Revolution might have been avoided, but such speculation is off limits for the professional historian!<\/p>\n

Having briefly sketched Marillac\u2019s political involvements, we are now free to look at his intellectual and devotional activities, which were perhaps even more remarkable. All aspects of his life and career were thoroughly consistent with those of his ancestors, who \u2014 sometimes within the career of a single individual \u2014 were to be found in both the political and ecclesiastical arena. Tracing back five generations, a putative paternal ancestor is claimed to have married the equally problematic Antoinette de Beaufort de Canillac, the supposed niece of Pope Gregory XI and grand-niece of Pope Clement VI. Each of these popes played a central role in the history of the fourteenth-century Avignonese Papacy.<\/span>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Over four generations, one or more Marillacs was either a secretary or financial official to various members of the Bourbon family \u2014 a fact which should not be overlooked in seeking to explain why a zealous Catholic Leaguer such as Michel de Marillac was eventually persuaded to embrace the not-yet-converted Henry of Bourbon- Navarre as his rightful king in 1593.<\/p>\n

Michel had nine uncles and two aunts, whose involvements in military, administrative and\/or religious careers ranged from noble service in the family\u2019s native Auvergne and other provinces to royal service in the Parisian capital or wherever else the king had need of them. To take but two examples: Charles de Marillac (ca. 1500-1560) was abbot of Saint-P\u00e8re-les-Melun, bishop of Vannes in Britanny, and then archbishop and count of Vienne in Dauphin\u00e9; but he had also undertaken diplomatic tasks in Constantinople, England, and the Holy Roman Empire, as well as eventually capping various judicial activities with membership in the king\u2019s Privy Council. His brother, Guillaume II (ca. 1518-1573), Michel\u2019s father, was knighted on the field of battle and capped a long career in royal administration by becoming Comptroller-General of Finances (contr\u00f4leur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des finances<\/em>) about five years before his death.<\/span>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span> The religious commitments of this generation are further revealed in mentioning a third brother \u2019s becoming bishop of Rennes,<\/span>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span> an aunt\u2019s being a Dominican nun (and poet) at Poissy, and yet another brother \u2019s being disinherited on account of his conversion to Calvinism and subsequent flight to Geneva.<\/p>\n

With such a family history it is intriguing that not one of Michel\u2019s siblings entered the religious life, even if he himself made two futile attempts as an adolescent. Nonetheless, his own descendants did so in abundance, and at least one male in each generation followed the family tradition of a secular judicial\/administrative career too. His daughter, widowed daughter-in-law, three granddaughters, and a great-granddaughter all became Carmelites. Two brothers of this youngest Carmelite became priests, one of them gaining some prominence in intellectual and pious pursuits.<\/span>9<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Marillac\u2019s younger son became a Capuchin (who was nominated to the see of St-M\u00e2lo at the time of his death) and his elder grandson, a Knight of Malta. Except for her prominence and sanctity, Saint Louise de Marillac must be seen as a thoroughly typical member of this extended family, especially when one considers other religious and several zealously pious laymen and -women among Michel\u2019s nieces, nephews, and cousins. Here, we find another bishop of relative prominence, as well as persons actively supporting the Company of the Holy Sacrament,<\/span>10<\/sup><\/a><\/span> a new group long dreamed of by Michel de Marillac and his d\u00e9vot <\/em>associates, but only realized on the eve of his disgrace. Amongst several \u201czealous and effective assistants of Louise de Marillac,\u201d Louis Ch\u00e2tellier mentions a \u201cMademoiselle Hardy,\u201d<\/span>11<\/sup><\/a><\/span> who may well be Fran\u00e7oise le Hardy, marquise de Flamarens, a granddaughter of Louis and Michel\u2019s elder sister Marie de Marillac Hennequin and thus actually a second cousin to Saint Louise herself. Mademoiselle Hardy was one of those who \u201cvigorously solicited Vincent de Paul on behalf of orphans.\u201d<\/p>\n

Before addressing the relationship between Michel and his niece, however, let us turn to the uncle\u2019s myriad devout activities. First, his personal zeal for prayer, discipline, and frequent communion. If I may be permitted to quote myself from a recent article:<\/p>\n

Well before his entry into high office, Marillac attended all matins in his parish on feast days and Sundays. He practiced the austerities and spiritual mortifications of the Catholic Reformation in France: sleeping on the tile floor of his h\u00f4tel<\/em>\u2019s chapel, refusing a feather bed when deteriorating health forced him off the tiles, remaining up late into the night, frequent fasting, etc. He even wore \u201ca belt of small silver bow knots\u201d \u2014 that is, a sharply studded girdle around his waist, from which many zealous penitents occasionally sustained bloody wounds. And he often used the \u201cdiscipline\u201d \u2014 a short whip of cords or small chains with which extremely devout persons flagellated themselves.<\/span>12<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\n

Marillac had become a Grey Penitent around 1590 and was eventually successful, in 1594, in being elected church warden (marguillier<\/em>) of his parish of Saint-Gervais. Already alluded to was his zeal in serving the Catholic League at the end of the French Religious Wars, before his preference for law and order, acceptance of the sincerity of Henry IV\u2019s promises to convert, and perhaps his family\u2019s long association with the House of Bourbon persuaded him to support the still beleaguered king.<\/p>\n

His principal achievements, however, were his extraordinary services on behalf of newly founded reform monastic orders in France and his meticulous, spiritually sensitive translations of Thomas \u00e0 Kempis\u2019s Imitation of Christ <\/em>and the biblical Psalms<\/em>. Both of these translations enjoyed two or more editions, and the former was a virtual best seller for a good part of the century; it was even twice reprinted in the nineteenth century. Marillac also wrote a treatise on the extent of papal authority over the French Church, and a history of the founding and early years of the French Carmelites.<\/em><\/span>13<\/sup><\/a><\/span> While under house arrest at Ch\u00e2teaudun, he translated the Book of Job <\/em>and left unfinished his long-in-process \u201cTreatise of the Eternal Life.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"michel<\/a>

Portrait of Michel de Marillac (1560-1632). Engraving by Michel Lasne.<\/p><\/div>\n

Just as the gestation of the reformed, Teresian Carmelites in France was budding, Marillac arrived to assist in the ultimate flowering of their establishment. At this point his fertile hands were everywhere. Beginning with the first convent in Paris in 1604, he handled or actually drafted the papers requiring royal and then papal approval for each new house. Both in Paris and in Pontoise, he helped locate the sites and supervised the workers effecting necessary renovations. He ordered furnishings and supplies, and at every stage provided financial guarantees, actual loans, and even generous gifts, these last sometimes involving dowries for worthy novices from modest backgrounds. Together with Barbe Acarie, he could even be found counselling young novices, a task in which his command of Spanish was often called upon to facilitate the direction expected from Teresian Carmelites recently arrived from Spain. In fact, the first prioress at Pontoise found the ubiquitous pair of Acarie-Marillac rather intrusive, despite her appreciation of their piety and dedication.<\/span>14<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\n

By my count, in 1618 there were twenty-two reformed Carmelite convents in France, and it was becoming necessary to defend the future of their independence from the late-arriving (1611) Carmel Fathers. The Fathers oversaw Carmelite convents in some countries, but not in others, and from the beginning Marillac had sought their assurance that they would not try to interfere with the French establishments. Insisting upon this story was one reason, no doubt, for the book he wrote in 1622 on the Carmelites\u2019 earliest years in France.<\/span>15<\/sup><\/a><\/span> In the meantime, he also collaborated with Madame Acarie and others in the foundation of the Ursulines in Paris in 1610, and with Pierre de B\u00e9rulle in founding the Oratorians in 1611.<\/span>16<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\n

We should note the outburst of new and reformed orders taking place in France and elsewhere during these years. To name but two, Saint Jeanne de Lestonnac (1556-1640), a niece of the famous essayist Michel de Montaigne and the widowed baroness of the fabled Ch\u00e2teau de Landiras, worked closely with Jesuits in Bordeaux to found the Sisters of Notre-Dame (or La Compagnie de Marie Notre-Dame<\/em>) in 1607; and Saint Jeanne de Chantal (1572-1641), who worked alongside Saint Fran\u00e7ois de Sales in founding the Order of the Visitation (or La Visitation Sainte-Marie<\/em>) in 1610. Fran\u00e7ois de Sales (1567-1622), the so-called bishop of Geneva, advised the Acarie circle during his lengthy visit to Paris in 1602. In 1609, he wrote the widely influential Introduction \u00e0 la vie d\u00e9vote<\/em>. Jeanne de Chantal was initially attracted to the Carmel in Dijon, and it should be mentioned that Vincent de Paul knew her well and regarded her as \u201cone of the holiest people [he had] ever met on this earth.\u201d<\/span>17<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\n

I mention these two foundations in particular because of their resemblance to the Daughters of Charity, later founded by Louise de Marillac and Vincent de Paul. All three focussed on providing concrete aid, succor, and instruction in salvation to the sick, poor, and orphaned, as well as vocational education for girls aimed at facilitating their survival in the secular world. In contrast, Louise\u2019s uncle devoted his principal efforts to support of the Carmelites, a contemplative order seeking retreat from the world. While my studies have turned up virtually no evidence that Michel de Marillac was much concerned with questions of poverty or social suffering, except in the abstract or as broad political policy,<\/span>18<\/sup><\/a><\/span> he does appear to have developed a capacity for mysticism through his frequent involvement with the pious Carmelites.<\/span>19<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Whatever Louise may have learned from him, she significantly enhanced.<\/p>\n

So, now let us consider Louise de Marillac and her uncle together. It is obvious that the extended Marillac family made exceptional contributions to French society for well over a century, in both political and religious institutions and activities. The family context into which Louise was born would lead us to expect the same piety, energy, and administrative capacity that indeed we find in her. And yet, her life might well have missed such fulfillment, for her childhood and youth were hardly settled or secure. She may even have been troubled throughout her life with doubts concerning her own baptism.<\/span>20<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\n

Scholars have largely cleared up the mysteries surrounding her birth, but an innocent search in genealogical reference works reveals a variety of sometimes rather wild claims.<\/span>21<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Her father was Michel\u2019s elder full brother, Louis de Marillac, seigneur de Ferri\u00e8res-en-Brie<\/em>, Capitaine des gendarmes de la Maison du Roi<\/em>, and \/ or Conseiller au Parlement de Paris<\/em>. Her mother was Marguerite Le Camus, with whom Louis had a liaison between two marriages. Louis never denied his responsibility, but there is no mention of her mother \u2019s having remained in Louise\u2019s life at all, nor even any mention of step-mothering \u2014 a benefit her uncle Michel most likely had enjoyed himself. On the eve of his remarriage in 1595, her father placed the scarcely four-year-old Louise with the Dominican nuns at Poissy, among whom an aunt was a prominent member.<\/span>22<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Louis de Marillac moved his natural daughter to a more modest accommodation some seven years later, in 1602, and then, on 25 July 1604, he died. Uncle Michel now became the guardian of his approximately thirteen-year-old niece and her younger half-sister.<\/p>\n

Thus, in the opening decade of the new century, the royal bureaucrat and religious reformer Michel de Marillac found himself the guardian of at least three nieces: Saint Louise, her less than three-year-old half-sister Innocente de Marillac, and, perhaps a few years later, Catherine du Plessis, a niece of Marillac\u2019s through his second wife Marie de Saint-Germain (married 1601). Marillac had himself been orphaned at the same age as Louise, and so might have been expected to empathize with the fate of his nieces. On Innocente\u2019s sixth birthday (1607), Marillac put her, along with his own daughter Valence (now about eight years old) \u2014 no mention of Louise here! \u2014 into the newly established Ursuline convent in Paris.<\/span>23<\/sup><\/a><\/span> I am not aware that we know very much about Michel and Louise\u2019s interactions during this period. But it may be instructive to note, that, once Louise achieved adulthood, their subsequent correspondence reveals very little personal interaction between uncle and niece.<\/span>24<\/sup><\/a><\/span> What is known is that Saint Louise was erudite, devout, and spiritually quite sensitive, and in these respects she reflected her uncle\u2019s attributes at a similar age.<\/p>\n

The respectable marriage Louise entered into, despite her inclinations towards a religious life, probably served the ambitions of the half-brothers Michel and Louis de Marillac as much as it provided her social standing and security. Louise\u2019s proposed husband was Antoine Le Gras (ca. 1577- 1625), private secretary (secr\u00e9taire des commandements<\/em>) of Marie de Medici, the Queen Mother. Nonetheless, on 18 October 1613, a son, Michel-Antoine, was born to the couple some eight months after their marriage, and they appear to have been happy. Madame Le Gras\u2019s spiritual crises, however, continued to torment her, despite the interventions of Fran\u00e7ois de Sales and others in 1619. Perhaps because of a pre-mature birth, Michel-Antoine was never robust, and then his father fell gravely ill in 1622. The latter died on 21 December 1625, leaving Louise a wealthy widow.<\/span>25<\/sup><\/a><\/span> By this time, she had already encountered Vincent de Paul, who took over Louise\u2019s spiritual direction towards the end of 1624.<\/p>\n

Apart from providing context to Louise and Michel\u2019s interrelationships, it is not my concern, of course, to present Louise de Marillac\u2019s life, let alone the extraordinary partnership forged over the next 35 years with Vincent de Paul. It suffices, I hope, to reiterate that we know little about her direct interactions with her uncle. It is quite probable that he responsibly looked after her material needs, her educational and spiritual development, though without being any closer or warmer to her than he was to anyone else. In any case, during the period of her marriage and early widowhood Michel was phenomenally preoccupied with affairs of state.<\/p>\n

\"Engraving<\/a>

Engraving of Cardinal Richelieu (1582-1642) By Robert Nanteuil, 1657. Collection of the Yale University Art Gallery.<\/p><\/div>\n

One scholar does, however, speak of her \u201cretiring from Court\u201d in 1625.<\/span>26<\/sup><\/a><\/span> This suggests that, before widowhood, she had been participating in the social life expected of women of her status, a responsibility quite likely reinforced by her uncle\u2019s (and no doubt her husband\u2019s) political ambitions. With her uncle\u2019s disgrace and death during the fledgling years of the Daughters of Charity, both discretion and her own challenging preoccupations undoubtedly kept niece and uncle personally apart.<\/p>\n

Cardinal Richelieu, with royal sanction, treated the two Marillac half-brothers brutally after the Day of Dupes (10-11 November 1630); coincidentally, the wife of the mar\u00e9chal<\/em>, and the Capuchin son of the garde des sceaux <\/em>died at about the same time. The Queen Mother herself suffered exile from France. One has to wonder how this affected others closely attached to these rivals. It is thus noteworthy that Richelieu\u2019s own niece, Madame d\u2019Aiguillon (marquise de Combalet), a friend to both the Carmelites and later to the Daughters of Charity, helped Marillac\u2019s daughter-in-law circumvent the Cardinal\u2019s attempts to hinder funeral arrangements. Meanwhile Fran\u00e7ois Sublet des Noyers, a royal councilor close to both Marillac and the Carmelites, was soon to be made Minister of War on Richelieu\u2019s recommendation. Vincent de Paul himself seems not to have come under suspicion for his associations with other leading d\u00e9vots<\/em>, nor was his work hindered in any way. It also appears that Louise de Marillac\u2019s life and activities in these crucial, fertile years similarly suffered no impediments that could be ascribed to Richelieu\u2019s suspicions or animosities. Nor do other Marillac relations appear to have had their careers interrupted.<\/span>27<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\n

What I hope has been both interesting and of use in this article, however, is a richer understanding of the extraordinary family from which Louise de Marillac emerged \u2014 and especially of the life and career of her equally noteworthy uncle. Despite the obscurity and dishonor surrounding her birth, Louise appears to have received the same sustenance and education as that of her legitimate half-sister and her cousins, and to have benefitted throughout her life and career from such advantages. These advantages both contrasted with those experienced by Vincent de Paul in his youth, yet complemented the capacities he brought to the enterprises of his later life. Furthermore, Michel de Marillac stood out from almost all his lay colleagues for his exceptional spiritual devotion, and for the energy and generosity he brought to the French Catholic Reformation. In her uncle and guardian, especially, and not simply the Marillac family in general, Louise de Marillac had a model of devout practice and spiritual commitment that undoubtedly contributed profoundly to her own. Perhaps it is appropriate that, today, they are both emerging from the shadows.<\/p>\n

The extraordinarily saintly and energetic Barbe Avrillot (1566-1618) was beatified in 1791. Married in 1582 to Pierre Acarie, and widowed in 1613, she then followed three of their daughters into the Carmelite sisterhood, taking the name Marie de l\u2019Incarnation. Her cousin, Pierre de B\u00e9rulle (1575-1629), was named a cardinal two years before his death; ordained as a priest in 1599, he was appointed one of the original three Superiors for the French reformed Carmelites, along with Andr\u00e9 Duval and Jacques Gallemant.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The name Louise de Marillac, writes Louise Sullivan, D.C., \u201chas largely remained hidden\u201d in the \u201cshadow\u201d of her famous mentor and colleague, Vincent de Paul. A similar shadow has, until recently, hidden the reputation of … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":149215,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[17,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-at-the-time-of-vincent-de-paul","category-louise-de-marillac"],"yoast_head":"\nSaint Louise de Marillac's Uncle: Louis XIII's Garde des Sceaux, Michel de Marillac (1560-1632) - We are Vincentians<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/saint-louise-de-marillacs-uncle-louis-xiiis-garde-des-sceaux-michel-de-marillac-1560-1632\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Saint Louise de Marillac's Uncle: Louis XIII's Garde des Sceaux, Michel de Marillac (1560-1632) - We are Vincentians\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The name Louise de Marillac, writes Louise Sullivan, D.C., \u201chas largely remained hidden\u201d in the \u201cshadow\u201d of her famous mentor and colleague, Vincent de Paul. 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Do we not say that those who incarnate the virtue of charity in the midst of the forgotten members of society and in the midst of those who die alone\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Louise de Marillac"","block_context":{"text":"Louise de Marillac","link":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/category\/the-vincentian-family\/founders\/louise-de-marillac\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/louise-de-marillac.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/louise-de-marillac.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/louise-de-marillac.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/louise-de-marillac.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/louise-de-marillac.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":149858,"url":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/new-in-the-library-spiritual-writings-of-louise-marillac\/","url_meta":{"origin":47797,"position":1},"title":"New in the Library: Spiritual Writings of Louise De Marillac","author":"Francisco Javier Fern\u00e1ndez Chento","date":"July 8, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Spiritual writings of Louise de Marillac. Edited and translated from the original French edition Sainte Louise de Marillac: Ecrits Spirituels by Louise Sullivan, D.C. Brooklyn, New York: New City Press, 1991.","rel":"","context":"In "Louise de Marillac"","block_context":{"text":"Louise de Marillac","link":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/category\/the-vincentian-family\/founders\/louise-de-marillac\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/the-vincentian-digital-library-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/the-vincentian-digital-library-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/the-vincentian-digital-library-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/the-vincentian-digital-library-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/the-vincentian-digital-library-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":42028,"url":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/the-ecclesial-and-charitable-experience-of-saint-louise-de-marillac-yesterday-and-today\/","url_meta":{"origin":47797,"position":2},"title":"The Ecclesial and Charitable Experience of Saint Louise de Marillac, Yesterday and Today","author":"Francisco Javier Fern\u00e1ndez Chento","date":"July 7, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Introduction We are going to conclude this Congress with a reflection on Saint Louise de Marillac as a woman of the church. Her contemplation of the mystery of the church and the ecclesial reality of that era led her to become a woman who was guided by the Spirit and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Louise de Marillac"","block_context":{"text":"Louise de Marillac","link":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/category\/the-vincentian-family\/founders\/louise-de-marillac\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2012\/12\/marillac-charitative-experience.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2012\/12\/marillac-charitative-experience.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2012\/12\/marillac-charitative-experience.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2012\/12\/marillac-charitative-experience.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2012\/12\/marillac-charitative-experience.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":105792,"url":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/life-of-saint-louise-de-marillac-2-a-fleeting-happiness\/","url_meta":{"origin":47797,"position":3},"title":"Life Of Saint Louise De Marillac. 2: A fleeting happiness","author":"Francisco Javier Fern\u00e1ndez Chento","date":"August 9, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"2] A fleeting happiness. At her husband\u2019s side Louise experienced moments of true happiness. At the end of the year, their son, Michel, brought great joy to their house. Antoine and Louise set up their home on the rue Courteau-Villain where they met other young couples who were engaged in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Louise de Marillac"","block_context":{"text":"Louise de Marillac","link":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/category\/the-vincentian-family\/founders\/louise-de-marillac\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/louise-de-marillac.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/louise-de-marillac.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/louise-de-marillac.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/louise-de-marillac.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/louise-de-marillac.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":51189,"url":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/the-letters-of-louise-de-marillac-to-the-daughters-of-charity-i\/","url_meta":{"origin":47797,"position":4},"title":"The Letters of Louise de Marillac to the Daughters of Charity (I)","author":"Francisco Javier Fern\u00e1ndez Chento","date":"August 8, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Introduction On March 15th, 1660, between 11:00am and noon, after generously sharing her blessings with the Daughters of Charity, Louise de Marillac's life came to an end. She was almost sixty-nine years old. Thus the earthly life of this holy woman was completed. She was not a tall woman, but\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Louise de Marillac"","block_context":{"text":"Louise de Marillac","link":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/category\/the-vincentian-family\/founders\/louise-de-marillac\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2012\/11\/marillac-wrting.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2012\/11\/marillac-wrting.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2012\/11\/marillac-wrting.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2012\/11\/marillac-wrting.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2012\/11\/marillac-wrting.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":106840,"url":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/louise-de-marillac-a-portrait-introduction\/","url_meta":{"origin":47797,"position":5},"title":"Louise de Marillac, a portrait. Introduction","author":"Francisco Javier Fern\u00e1ndez Chento","date":"November 18, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"SOME SAINTS, although they lived perhaps centuries ago, are well known to us. Others are bound up inseparably with a great achievement in the Church in connection with which their names have become household words; it is impossible to think of theology, for example, without coupling it with the name\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Louise de Marillac"","block_context":{"text":"Louise de Marillac","link":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/category\/the-vincentian-family\/founders\/louise-de-marillac\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/louise-de-marillac2.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/louise-de-marillac2.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/louise-de-marillac2.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/louise-de-marillac2.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/louise-de-marillac2.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47797"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47797\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/149215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47797"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47797"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vincentians.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}